1,3 proto-tropic shifts and difference between tautomerism and resonance


What is 1,3 proto-tropic shifts?


Isomer which are inter-convertible, are differ from each other only in electron distribution and in the position of a relatively mobile groups or atoms are called tautomerism.

The mobile atom is in the great majority of example is hydrogen and the phenomenon is referred to as proto-tropic shifts and usually the proton in a triad system is from 1 to 3 position in the chain and hence it is called 1,3 proto-tropic  shifts.

Few examples of 1,3  proto-tropic  shifts in triad system  are as follows, 





What is difference between tautomerism and resonance ?


When two structural isomers are converted to each other very rapidly keeping up equilibrium state between them, then these two isomers are called tautomers and this phenomenon is called tautomerism. 

For examples, keto-enol tautomerism, valence tautomerism etc.




It is a phenomenon which occurs really. Tautomers have existence and they are isolable.

There is a thermodynamic equilibrium between tautomers .As tautomers are different compound the question of lowering energy does not arise. 


Resonance 


When a molecule can’t be completely represented by a single structure but its characteristic properties can be described by two or more indivisible structures, then the real structure is known as resonance hybrid of these structures and this phenomenon is called resonance.

For example, resonance and resonating structure of aniline molecule are shown below. 




It is a hypothetical state of matter. Resonating structures are hypothetical and non isolable.

There is no equilibrium between resonating structures. Resonance reduces the energy of the entity.

 


Summary


  • what is proto-tropic shipts ?
  • what is resonance ?defined resonance energy .
  • what is tautomers and tautomerism ?



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