Covalent bond-polar covalent bond-non polar covalent bond-examples

·        What is polar covalent bond ?

If a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electron between two dissimilar or different atoms, then this covalent bond is called polar covalent bond.

Because, in this case one atom between the two is more electronegative than the other one.

Now, more electronegative atom have a tendency to attract the bonded electron pair towards itself.

As a result, the shared electron partially moved towards the more electronegative atom.

Due to this unsymmetrical charge distribution, more electronegative element gets partial negative charge and the less electronegative element gets partial positive charge.

In this way, the covalent bond change into polar covalent bond and the molecule becomes polar molecule.

For example, Hᵟ⁺ – Fᵟ^- , Hᵟ⁺ – Clᵟ^- , Hᵟ⁺– Brᵟ^- etc molecules contain polar covalent bond.

The polar covalent bond is, therefore, has partial ionic character .

The two opposites charges at the ends are called electrical poles and the molecules are called dipolar molecules.

·        What is non polar covalent bond ?

Covalent bond is formed by sharing of electron between two similar or dissimilar atoms. 

There are two types of covalent bond, namely, non polar covalent bond and polar covalent bond.

The covalent bond is formed by sharing of electron between two identical or similar atoms, is said to be non polar covalent bond.

In this type of covalent bonding, the shared electron pair is attracted equally by both the atoms and lies exactly midway between them.

The resulting covalent compound is called non polar molecule.

For example, hydrogen , chlorine , bromine, oxygen, nitrogen etc molecule contain non polar covalent bond.

·        What is polar and non polar molecules ?

If a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electron between two identical or 

similar atoms, then the covalent bond is said to be non polar covalent bond and the resulting covalent compound is called non polar molecule.

For example, hydrogen , chlorine , bromine, oxygen, nitrogen etc molecule contain non polar covalent bond.

On the other hand, if a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electron between 

two dissimilar or different atoms, then this covalent bond is called polar covalent bond and the resulting covalent compound is called polar molecule.

In this type of molecule, the polarity arises due to difference in electro-negativity of the two dissimilar atoms.

For example, Hᵟ⁺ – Fᵟ^- , Hᵟ⁺ – Clᵟ^- , Hᵟ⁺– Brᵟ^- etc molecules are polar covalent molecules.

Summary :

• ·        What is polar covalent bond ?
• ·        What is non polar covalent bond ?
• ·        What is polar and non polar molecules ?

Why most ofthe transition metals are used as catalyst.