What are synthesis reactions in organic chemistry?

In chemistry, synthesis reaction is very important chemical reaction. The synthesis reaction occurs mainly in the synthetic synthesis of various organic compounds.

The synthesis reaction occurs in several stages. The synthesis reaction involves the addition of reactants to produce products.

The organo chemical reactions in which one or more reactants are artificially added to produce products through several steps is called a synthesis reaction.

An important example of organic synthesis reaction is mescaline from 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzoic acid.

Synthesis reaction is also called combinationreaction. Numerous important and necessary chemical organic compounds are created through synthesis reactions.

Many organic compounds are produced in various chemical industries through synthesis reactions.

Especially in the pharmaceutical industry, various essential medicines are artificially created through this synthesis reaction.

Again in the laboratory new compounds are synthesized through synthesis reaction.

Synthesis reactions examples in organic chemistry

A large number of organic compounds are synthesized through synthesis reactions.

The well known synthesis reactions in organic chemistry are Williamson synthesis for alkanes, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis for primary amines, Fischer’s indole synthesis of indole etc.

Besides, synthetic synthesis of aspirin from phenol, paracetamol from nitrobenzene and phenol, Paal Knorr synthesis of pyrrole etc are synthesized through synthesis reaction.

Examples of some notable synthesis reactions are shown below.

(I)Synthesis of paracetamol from nitrobenzene

When a mixture of nitro benzene, Zn, NH4Cl and 50% aqueous alcohol are heated, the product is phenyl hydroxyl amine, which undergoes rearrangement reaction in presence of dilute HCl gives p-amino phenol.

Now on acylation of p-amino phenol with acetic anhydride, paracetamol is obtained. The required synthesis reaction is shown below.

 

 

(II) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis for primary amines

In this process, potassium phthalimide is formed first by the reaction of phthalimide with ethanolic KOH.

Then, potassium phthalimide reacts with alkyl halide to form N-alkyl phthalimide which on hydrolysis with KOH or NaOH gives primary amine.

• What are synthesis reactions in organic chemistry?
• Synthesis reactions examples in organic chemistry

 

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